Well tool



M. w. HAINES WELL TOOL 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 8, 1950 INVENTOR.

meals WHA/NES,

5 1 I I I D 4 2 5 6 L 1 4 (J 4 d 2 C (wx I t B 1 M E o n W F 41 x b 1 ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 9, 1954 UNITED STATES TENT OFFICE 28 Claims.

This invention relates to well tools for applying cement slurry to a zone or zones in the Well or 'for otherwise treating wells to control the production thereof.

It is an object of this invention to provide an improved well tool of this character.

It is another object of this invention to provide a shoe squeeze tool capable of performing standard cementing operations with anchoring slips which are expanded into anchoring engagement with a well casing by means or" a downwardly driven expander and wherein the tool presents-a minimum area which is responsive to fiuid pressure tending to lift or float the tubing string, whereby a tubing string of any practicable length will provide sufficient weight to chest the upthrust pressure tending to lift or float the tubing string, and whereby the tool may be readily lowered through the Well fluid and will not cause the well fluid to overflow through the tubing in positioning the tool in the well.

It is another object of this invention to provide an improved well tool of the type which discharges cement slurry under pressure from the lower end thereof for sealing off zones in the well casin in which the tool is positioned or sealing oil zones in well formations.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a well tool such as described wherein an improved by-pass valve is hydraulically balanced .atall times and operable at will to control the operation of the tool responsive tosu-riace manipulation of the tubing string to which the tool is coupled.

It is another object of this invention to provide a novel locking means for .releasably looking to the body of the tool, a tubular mandrel which is extended into the body for limited movement relative thereto and connected to th tubing string whereby when unlocked, it may be moved relative to the body to control theopera- .tion of the tool responsive to movement of the tubing string and will maintain a connection with the body for lifting the tool out of the well with the tubing string.

It is another object of this invention to provide a combined packer and valveineans for association with a well tool such as described, which makes it possible to maintain .a liquid column above the tool in the well casing while cementing operations .are being carried out, and to employ the fluid in this column for readily and emciently washing the excess cement from the tool and tubing strin after the cementing operatic is completed.

Another object is to provide a well tool such as described wherein the combined packer and valve means for maintaining a column of liquid in the casing above the tool in the well casing .is operable to release the column of liquid responsive to surface manipulation of the tubing string.

Another object hereof is to provide a well tool such as described wherein the weight of the column of liquid in the casing above the tool is subject to a controlled application to the tool for urging the tool anchoring means in tighter grip with the casing and to offset fluid pressure forces tending to raise the tool in the casing.

It is another object of this invention to provide a cementing tool such as described which makes it possible readily to develop a column of liquid in the casing annulus above the tool at any desired pressure, for testing the well casing and tool for leaks or for effecting a controlled down thrust on the anchoring means and consequently controlling the anchoring action thereof as desired.

A further object of this invention is to provide a well tool such as described in which the by-passing means embodied therein maybe 0perated at will without releasing or disturbing the anchoring means.

It is an additional object of this invention to provide a well tool of the character described which is of such construction and arrangement that in the event it becomes stuck in the Well, the mandrel may be readily removed therefrom and thereafter the remainder of the tool may readily be fished out or otherwise removed.

It is a further object of this .invention to provide an improved squeeze tool of the character described which i particularly strong and rugged to withstand extremely high pressure and the rigors of oil field usage, and at the same time capable of being readily disassembled in the well and retrieved in sections, or ifneed be, drilled into small pieces and circulated out of the well.

ihis invention possesse many other advantases and has other objects which may be made more easily apparent from a consideration of several embodiments of the invention. For this purpose there are shown several forms in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification. These forms will now be described in detail, illustrating the general principles of the invention; but it is to be understood that this detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a well tool embodying the present invention, as it would appear when positioned in a well and before the anchoring means is set;

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing the tool as it would appear after the setting of the anchoring means and with the circulating valve open;

Figure 3 is a sectional View corresponding to Figures 1 and 2, showing the tool as it would appear when anchored and ready for a cement ing operation with the circulating valve closed;

Figures 4, 4a and 4b are enlarged vertical sections of the upper, intermediate and lower portions of the tool respectively, showing the detailed construction thereof, and the parts of the tool in the positions shown in Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view showing one of the elements of the locking means, being taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 5, but showing the body only;

Figure '7 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 11 of Figure 4;

Figure 8 is a vertical section partly in elevation of a modified form of the invention;

Figure 9 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section of the valve means of the modified tool of Figure 8, shown in open position;

Figure 10 is a fragmentary sectional View of another modified form of the invention; and

Figure 11 is a fragmentary sectional view of valve means of Figure 10, in open position.

As shown in Figures 1 through '7, one form of well too] embodying the present invention generally comprises a tubular body or outer casing A having anchoring means B adjacent its upper end for anchoring the tool to the well casing C, and being provided adjacent its lower end with packers D and an outlet E below the packers.

A tubular mandrel F having a through bore is adapted to be coupled to a tubing string G and is extended into the body A so as to be rotatable and axially movable relative thereto. This mandrel supports the body A through the medium of locking elements H on the mandrel body and which are released and relocked upon appropriate axial and rotary movement of the mandrel relative to the body. The usual bowed springs J carried by the body A operate to frictionally grip the well casing and hold the body against turn- -i i When the mandrel is unlocked, the weight of the tubing string may be applied through the mandrel on lowering it, to set the anchoring means B after which the mandrel may be raised and lowered several times to force the anchoring means into tighter gripping engagement with the casing. After setting the anchoring means in this manner the mandrel F may be positioned to maintain the weight of the tubing string on the anchoring means B to assure effective operation thereof.

A tubular member K is stationarily mounted within the lower portion of the body A and slidably accommodates in a fiuidtight fit, the lower end of the mandrel F, being coupled by means of a sub L with the body A and a tube M, which latter supports the packers D. The lower end of the tube M is disposed below the packers and provides the outlet E. Fluid, such as cement slurry or other well treating fluid, when pumped under pressure through the tubing string G and mandrel F will pass through the tubular member K and tube M and be discharged through the outlet E into the well casing. As here shown, perforations N in the casing provide for application of this pressure fluid into the well formation as indicated in Figure 3.

Circulating or by-pass ports 0 and P are arranged in opposed relation in the body A and tubular member K at a point above the packers D, to provide an unrestricted by-pass allowing the 4 tool to be readily run into the well. These ports are also employed in the operations of circulating well fluid out of the well while pumping cement slurry down the string and for back scuttling or other washing methods for cleaning the tool. These ports are controlled by a sleeve valve R axially slidably mounted within the tool body A on the tubular member K and coupled by link means S to a part of the locking means H fixed on the mandrel F for axial movement therewith. Thus, when the mandrel F is locked to the body A, as shown in Figure 1, the valve will be disposed in raised or open position but when the mandrel, after being unlocked and operated to set the anchoring means B, is lowered relative to the body A into position shown in Figure 3, the valve R will close the ports 0 and P, whereupon the tool is ready for completing a cementing operation.

Referring more specifically to the drawing, it will be seen that the tool body A is made up from top to bottom of tubular sections I, 2, 3 and 4 threadedly coupled one to the other and providing a rigid and protective casing or housing having a large bore for accommodating the other parts of the tool.

The anchoring means B as best shown in Figures 4 and 6 comprises a plurality of slips 5 mounted in slots .6 in the upper end of the body A for radial movement into and out of gripping engagement with the well casing C, there being a series of sharp teeth I on each slip adapted to become embedded in the well casing. These slips are operated by means of a tubular slip expander member 8 axially movable on the mandrel F behind the slips 5 and having the upper portion thereof extended above the top of the body A. Opposed surfaces 9 of the slips and slip expander are inclined so that on downward movement of the expander it will act as a wedge and force the slips radially outward against the well casing. As shown in Figure '7, the slips and the expander are slidably interlocked by means of dovetailed tongue and groove elements It.

A tubular extension I I slidable on the mandrel F, is screwed onto the lower end of the expander 8 so that its lower end is adapted to rest upon the element of the lock elements H which is carried by the mandrel, thereby supporting the expander in elevated position with the slips 5 retracted when the mandrel is locked to the body A.

The upper part of the bore through the expander 8 is counter-bored as at 8' for slidably accommodating an enlarged portion l2 of the mandrel F, which portion provides a shoulder l3 adapted to abut the shoulder I4 at the inner end of said counterbore. The expander 8 floats on the mandrel, but is limited against rising upwardly by the interlock thereof with the slips 5, which latter are held against upward movement in the slots 6. However, when the mandrel is unlocked and lowered relative to the body A sufficiently to cause the shoulder 13 thereon to I rest on the shoulder I 4 on the expander 8, the

weight of the tubing string is applied to the expander which is then forced downwardly and moves the slips into gripping contact with the well casing, as shown in Figure 3. After this initial setting of the slips, the tubing 6 may be raised and dropped several times to drive the expander downwardly with hammer blows as shoulder I3 strikes shoulder I4, thereby more firmly setting the slips. In this connection it should be noted that, as shown in Figure 4, the lower end of the expander 8 is enlarged as at l5 and extends into the bore of the body section 2 where it is guided during movement of the expander relative to the body A and mandrel F.

As shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, the locking means H comprises a collar I6 which is screwed onto the mandrel F with left hand threads and provided with lugs l7 extending radially outwardly from opposite sides thereof for engagement in short J slots I8 (see Figures 5 and 6) in the wall of the body section 3. These slots do not extend through the wall of the body section 3-, which it is noted is comparatively thick to provide requisite strength and to permit of the formation of opposed guide slots 19 therein for slidably accommodating the lugs l7. When the mandrel F is locked to the body section 3, the lugs I! are seated in the J slots I8 and the tool body is supported on the mandrel by means of the collar I6. To unlock the mandrel F, it is lifted by lifting the tubing string a short distance, such that the lugs i! are moved above the short vertical side walls ill of the slots l8, after which the tubing string is rotated to the left as seen in Figure 5, thus turning the mandrel correspondingly and moving the lugs l1 into registration with the open upper ends of the guide slots 19. When unlocked in this manner the mandrel F may be lowered relative to the body,

the lugs l1 sliding downwardly in the slots while the mandrel is lowered. In lowering the mandrel, it passes freely through the slip expander 8 which does not become operative to set the slips 5 until the mandrel has been lowered sufficiently to cause the shoulder 13 thereon to abut the shoulder M on the expander and move the latter downwardly.

As shown in Figure 4, the bowed springs J have their upper ends seated between a collar 20 on the body section 3 and the outer surface of said section whereas the lower ends of the e springs are slidably retained within a collar 2| surrounding the section 3. Longitudinal grooves 22 are provided in the outer surface of the body section 3 for reception of the springs J. These springs frictionally grip the well casing and support the body A in the casing before the slips are set so that the mandrel may be lowered and lifted relative to the body. These springs also hold the body against turning while the P mandrel is being turned to lock and unlock the locking means H.

The stationary tubular member K (see Figures 4a and 4b) which is coupled at its lower end to the sub L at the lower end of the lowermost body section '4, is, in efiect, a part of the body A and with the mandrel provides a passage for con'imunicating the tubing string with the outlet The diameter of the tubular member K is such as to provide an annular space 23 between it and the inner surface of the body section 4. Ports 23' in the lower end of the body section 4 provide for drainage of liquid from the lower and otherwise closed end of the space 23. The upper end of the member K is disposed adlament the upper end of the body section 4 and slidably accommodates the lower end portion 24 of the mandrel F in a fluidtight fit by means of asuitable packing gland 25. This lower end portion of the mandrel remains in said fluid-tight connection with the tubular member K in all adjustments of the mandrel for operating the tool.

The by-pass sleeve valve R is mounted in the annular space 23 so as to move axially of the 6 member K into and out of position closing the ports 0 and P in the body section 4 and member K respectively, the link means S eiiecting this movement of the mandrel F relative to the body A. Thus, the upper end of the sleeve valve R is threadedly connected to a cylindrical portion 26a integral with the lower ends of a pair of link bars 26 slidably mounted in the guide grooves l9 in the body section 3 which section is telescopically accommodated in the upper end of the body section 4. A look nut '21 1S threaded onto the cylindrical portion 26a. and bears against the upper end of the sleeve valve R.

As shown in Figure l, the link bars '26 are connected at their upper ends with the collar l6 by means of inwardly extending lugs 28 on said bars, slidably engaged in an annular groove '29 formed in a reduced lower portion l-8a of the collar I6. With this arrangement the bars 23 are moved axially with the mandrel, but the mandrel and collar 16 may be rotated freely relative to said bars. The upper ends of the bars 25 contact the under-sides of the lugs H on the collar I5 when the latter is unlocked, as shown in Figure 4, whereby the lugs l1 and said bars will slide downwardly and upwardly in the guide slots l9 when the mandrel F is correspondingly moved relative to the tool body A.

The valve R. is provided with a lining sleeve (see Figure 4a) of brass or similar metal, which has a working fit on the tubular men'ib'er K and operates as an efiective closure for parts P. Suitable sealing members 3| are provided between the upper end of the lining sleeve 38 and the lower end of the bars 26. Similar sealing members32 are provided between the lower end of the lining sleeve 38 and an inwardly directed flange 3-3 on the lower end of the sleeve valve R. The sealing members 3| and 32 maintain fluidtight seals between the sliding valve unit and the member K and are held in place with the lining sleeve by means of the flange 3S and the lower ends of the bars 26.

The sleeve valve R is of such length that it will close ports 0 and P, with a particularly tight closing of ports P in the tubular member K, when the mandrel F has been lowered to engage shoulder 1% thereon with shoulder hi on the slip expander 8, then further lowered as the expander moves downwardly under the weight of the tubing string, in the operation of setting the slips. These relative movements will be apparent by compar ing the positions of the mandrel, expander and sleeve valve, as shown in Figure l with the positions of the mandrel, expander, and sleeve valve shown in Figure 3. In this connection it should be noted that in Figure l the mandrel F has been lifted a distance slightly greater than the height of th short side wall it of the J slot Hi, this position being also shown in Figure 4, and has been turned to align the lugs l! with the slots l9. Consequently, the mandrel is not shown in the lowermost position it will occupy when the lugs I? are locked in the J slots I8. This difference in the positions taken by the mandrel when locked and when unlocked is but slight and does not cause the slips 5 to be expanded appreciably since the expander 8 has in effect a floating mounting on the mandrel and lowers but slightly beyond the position shown in Figures 1 and 4 when locked to the tool body. In other words, the positions taken by the slip expander 8 and the slips '5 when the mandrel F is locked to the body A, are such that the slips will be adequately spaced irom'th'e well casing for a free movement of the tool into and out of the well casing.

- After the slips 5 have been set to anchor the tool in the casing and the mandrel has been unlocked both as heretofore described, the tubing string may be lifted to raise the mandrel and lift the valve R so as to open ports and P. As the slips will have been driven into tight engagement with the casing, this movement of the mandrel is relative to the slip expander, as will be seen with reference to Figure 3, whereby the slips will remain in anchoring contact with the casing.

When th ports 0 and P are opened, fluid may be circulated down through the tool and up through the casing or may be circulated down the casing and up through the tool and tubing string. After this circulation operation, the mandrel may be lowered so that the valve R will close the ports 0 and P and place the weight of the tubing string on the slips. pumped through the tool to pressure test the open formation of the well to be treated.

Next, the ports 0 and P may be opened to allow fluid in the well to circulate out of the well while the cement slurry is being pumped down the tubing. At the proper time thereafter the tubing and mandrel are again lowered to close ports 0 and P, and place the weight of the tubing on the slips whereby the desired squeezing of the cement slurry under pressure into the formation may be effected.

After completing the cementing operation any excess cement can be circulated out of the well by circulating fluid down the casing past the packers and up through the tool and tubing string or by forcing fluid down the tubing and out through the by-pass ports 0 and P, then up the casing. As the sleeve valve R is in hydraulic balance at all times it may be readily and easily operated in the manner hereinbefore described.

The pressure inside and outside the tool may be equalized by lifting the mandrel sufficiently to open the ports 0 and P. When the mandrel is lifted beyond the point at which the valve R opens these ports, for example, from the position shown in Figure 2, the collar It on the mandrel will contact the etxension l I of the expander and move the expander upwardly, thus releasing the slips. As this collar abuts the lower end of the body section 2 as shown in Figures 1 and 4, the continued lifting of the mandrel will lift the body A and the tool may thus be pulled out of the well. In this connection it should be noted that when the mandrel is locked to the body, the lower end of the :body section 2 rests on the collar l6 thereby supporting the body and parts carried thereby. This lower end of the member 22 also limits upward movement of the mandrel and prevents withdrawal thereof.

It should be noted that the lower portion of the mandrel F has a comparatively small outside diameter wher it passes through the packing gland 25, and that this diameter represents the total efiective hydraulic up-thrust area on the mandrel that has to be offset by the weight of the tubing string. Thus, sufficient tubing weight is present to expand the slips, to prevent the upward thrust caused by the pressure beneath the packers D from floating the tubing and finally unseating the slips. Inasmuch as the pressure within the tool exerts an upward thrust on the tubing only in proportion to the comparatively small packed oif area of the mandrel, and the packers exert an upward thrust through the body A against the slips in proportion to the area packed off by the pack- Fluid under pressure may now be ers, it is apparent that the weight of the tubing string may readily be applied as needed on the slip expander to assure proper anchoring of the tool under high pressures.

Should the tool become stuck in the casing rotation of the tubing string to the right will release the collar IB which is attached to the mandrel by left hand threads, thereby detaching the mandrel for withdrawal with the tubing string. With the mandrel removed, the opening at the top of the slip expander is of suflicient size to accommodate a suitable fishing tool for the usual operation to remove the balance of the tool from the casing.

Due to the construction of this tool it is removable from the well from the operating position shown in Figure 3 with a straight upward pull which automatically opens the by-pass valve R. and causes retraction of the slips. I

As shown, in Figures 8 and 9, a modified form of this invention is identical with the first described form except for a valve means T at the upper end of the tool. Consequently, the other parts of this tool requiring identity in this description are designated by the same reference characters as in Figures 1 through 7, with the addition of prime characters. I

The valve means T is employed to provide a closure above the tool body A and the anchoring means B for the annular space V, known as the casing annulus, between the tubing string G and the well casing C. This valve means is operable to open and close responsive to surface manipulation of the tubing string and when used in conjunction with a tool as here shown renders the tool especially adapted for eflicient operation in low pressure wells, that is, wells in which the pressure is such that it is diificult if not impossible to maintain a desired column of liquid. Thus, with the valve means T closed while the tool is positioned for cementing off the low pressure areas in the well, liquid may be pumped into the casing annulus to form a column reaching from the valve means to the top of the Well and then subjected to appropriate pressure, if desired, and maintained in the annulus during the cementing operations necessary to seal off the low pressure area. After the cementing operations, the string and mandrel are lifted to open bypass ports 0' and P, also the by-pass valve means T. Whereupon the column of fluid above the tool is utilized for back-scuttling the excess cement out of the well before the cement sets. However, as the valve means T may be opened without opening the ports 0 and P fluid may be forced down the casing annulus around the tool and up through the tool to remove excess cement.

Moreover, the valve T makes it possible readily to pressure test for casing and tool leaks by subjecting the fluid column above the'valve means to pressure. Again, the weight of the column of fluid may be employed to urge the slip into tighter contact with the casing and to offset or balance pressures tending to urge the tool and tubing string upwardly.

As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the valve means T, comprises an upwardly facing cup packer l0 fixed on a tubular member 4| which is coupled with the upper end of the slip expander 8' and surrounds the upper end of the mandrel F. The

packer 49 is adapted to form a seal between the casing C and the mandrel F so that the casing annulus may be filled to provide a column of liquid above the tool.

The tubular member 4| is provided with by-i.

pass ports 42 below the packer and which opens into an annular passage 43 formed between the member 4| and the mandrel F. The passage 43 opens into the casing annulus at the top of member 4| above the packer and is controlled by an annular valve member 44 mounted in a groove 45 in the mandrel F. This valve member is formed of suitable rubber or synthetic rubber or similar material and is of small proportions so as to provide a minimum area which will respond to pressure of the fluid maintained above the packer 4|]. In its seated position, as shown in Figure 8, the valve member 44 closes the passage 43 whereas when unseated as shown in Figure 9, the passage 43 is opened for by-passing fluid around the packer 4t, thence down the easing annulus and up through the tool.

Any desired pressure may be applied to the column of fluid maintained above the packer 40 for testing the casing and tool for leaks or for offsetting pressures tending to urge the tool out of the well. As here provided, the area across the casing G minus the average cross sectioned area of the tubing, represents the efiective area across the packer 40 for urging the expander 8' downwardly to increase the setting of the slips. The area of the valve 44 on the mandrel F is held to minimum requirements so that pressure developed above the tool will not prevent withdrawal of the tubing string and tool.

As shown in Figures 10 and 11 another modified form of this invention comprises a tool similar to that shown in Figures 8 and 9, wherein valve means W for the same purpose as valve means T is mounted on the body A of the tool.

as well as on the expander 8" for the slips 5". Except for the valve means W and the mounting means therefor this form of the invention is identical with tool shown in Figures 1 through 7.

The valve means W-comprises an upwardly facing cup packer 46 corresponding to the packer 40 and which is mounted similarly on an extension 41 of the tool body A" to form a seal between the well casing C" and the tubing string whereby a column of liquid may be provided in the casing in the same manner as described in connection with the tool shown in Figures 8 and 9. A tubular member 48 corresponding to tubular member 4| is coupled to the top of the slip expander 8". 48 are provided with aligned ports 49 opening into the casing beneath the packer. The tubular member 48 and mandrel F" provide therebetween an annular passage 59 leading from ports 49 for lay-passing around the packer, the liquid in the column above the packer. A sealing member 5| is providedv between the extension 41 of the tool body A.and the tubular member 48 to prevent leakage therebetween. The passage 56 iscontrolled by a valve member 52 identical with the valve member 44 and which is mounted on the mandrel F" for movement between closed and open positions shown in Figures 10 and 11 respectively. The valve means VI of this form of the invention is operated in the same manner and serves the same purposes of the valve means T in the form of the invention shown in Figures 8 and 9, but adds the function applying the weight and pressure of the liquid column above the packer 46 to the tool body A, as well as to the slip expander ii". This arrangement makes itpossible to divide the fluid column weight between the body A of the tool and the slip expander 8"f. However, if desired, the tubular member-s8 couldbe omitted, in which case, the

The extension 4! and the member extension 41 of the body A" would be made of reduced diameter compared to the diameter shown in Figures 10 and 11, so that the valve member 52 would not have to have any greater projection from the surface of the mandrel F" than here shown. With the tubular member 48 removed, the weight of the liquid column above the packer would be applied directly to the upper end of the tool body A", thus lessening the force tending to urge the slips 5" into deeper penetration of the casing, as may be desirable in some operations of the tool.

With the tool as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the weight of the column of liquid above the packer 46 may be divided between the slip expander 8" and the body A" as desired by varying the effective areas of the parts exposed to the column of liquid.

I claim:

1. A well tool comprising: a tubular body having an outlet, packing means for forming a seal between the well casing and the body. a tubular mandrel slidably connected with the body and adapted to be coupled to a, tubing string, said mandrel and body providing a passage afiording communication between said tubing string and said outlet; locking elements on said mandrel and body respectively, for locking said mandrel to the body and which release the mandrel responsive to movement of the mandrel relative to the body; resilient means for frictionally contacting the casing to permit relative movement between the body and the mandrel, anchoring means operable for gripping th casing and anchoring the body thereto responsive to a downwardly directed force applied through the mandrel; port means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the casing, a valve member movable to open an close said port means responsive to movement of the mandrel relative to the body, a second packing means mounted on said body above said anchoring means for maintaining thereabove in the space between the casing and the tubing string a column of liquid, means forming a by-pass between said second packing means and said mandrel for passing fluid between said column and the interior of the easing below said second packing means outside said body, valve means on said mandrel operable responsive to relative movement between said body and said mandrel for ope g and closing said bypass, and means extending above said second packing means for transmitting a force derived from the weight of said column of liquid to said anchoring means for increasing the anchoring action thereof.

2. In a well tool, a tubular mandrel adapted to be connected with a tubing string for cooperation therewith in conducting fluid into and out of a well, a body member, means supporting the body member on the mandrel and permitting a limited axial movement of the mandrel relative to the body member; releasable locking means for locking the body member and mandrel together for positioning in a well, anchoring means for anchoring the body member to the casing of the well, packing means surrounding the mandrel above said anchoring means for forming a seal in the casing to maintain a column of liquid outside the tubing string and above the tool, means forming between said packing means and said mandrel a by-pass passage opening into the casing above and below said packing means, and a valve on said mandrel movable therewith for opening and closing said passage responsive to axial movement of the mandrel relative to the body member.

3. In a well tool, a tubular mandrel adapted to be connected with a tubing string for cooperation therewith in conducting fluid into and out of a well, a body member, means supporting the body member on the mandrel and permitting a limited axial movement of the mandrel relative to the body member; releasable locking means for locking the body member and mandrel together for positioning in a well, anchoring means for anchoring the body member to the casing of the well, packing means surrounding the mandrel above the anchoring means for forming a seal in the casing to maintain a, liquid column outside the tubing string and above the tool, means forming between said packing means and said mandrel a by-pass passage opening into the interior of the casing outside the tool above and below said packing means, a valve member mounted on the mandrel above said passage for movement into and out of position closing said passage when the mandrel is moved axially relative to the body while said body is anchored to the casing.

4. In a well tool, a tubular mandrel adapted to be connected with a tubing string for cooperation therewith in conducting fluid into and out of a well, a body member, means supporting the body member on the mandrel and permittin a limited axial movement of the mandrel relative to the body member; anchoring means for anchoring the body member to the casing of the well, packing means surrounding the mandrel above said anchoring means for forming a seal in the casing to maintain a liquid column outside the tubing string and above the body, means forming between said packing means and said mandrel a by-pass passage for conducting liquid from said column around said packing means into the interior of the casing outside the body, a valve on said mandrel for opening and closing said passage responsive to axial movement of the mandrel relative to the body member while said body is anchored to the casing, packing means on said body member below the first named packing means for forming a seal between the body member and casing for preventing upward flow of fluid between the casing and the body member, means forming a second by-pass passage for communicating the interior of the mandrel with the interior of the casing above the second named packing means, a sleeve valve for controlling said second by-pass passage, means connecting said sleeve valve with said mandrel for moving the sleeve valve into position to close said second bypass passage when said mandrel is lowered relative to the body, said sleeve valve requiring a greater axial movement of said mandrel to open said port than is required to move said first named valve to open said first named passage 5. In a well tool, a tubular mandrel adapted to be connected to a tubing string for cooperation therewith in conducting fluid into and out of the Well, a body means for anchoring the body to the well casing, means for releasably locking the mandrel and the body together for positioning in and removal from the well including a collar surrounding and fixed on the mandrel for detachment therefrom responsive to rotative movement of the mandrel in one direction only, and lugs on said collar, said body having locking slots therein for reception of said lugs to lock the body and mandrel for joint movement, said lugs being movable out of said slots on lifting the mandrel and rotating it in a direction opposite said one direction, a portion on said body adapted to abut the upper side of said collar to support the body thereon, said body having guide slots therein extending axially thereof adjacent said locking slots in which said lugs are slidable on axial movement of the mandrel relative to the body.

6. In a well tool, a tubular mandrel adapted to be connected to a tubing string for cooperation therewith in conducting fluid into and out of the Well, a body, means for anchoring the body to the well casing, means for releasably locking the mandrel and the body together for positioning in and removal from the well including a collar surrounding and fixed on the mandrel for detachment therefrom responsive to rotative movement of the mandrel in one direction only, and lugs on said collar, said body having locking slots therein for reception of said lugs to lock the body and mandrel for joint movement, said lugs being movable out of said slots on lifting the mandrel and rotating it in a direction opposite said one direction, a portion on said body adapted to abut the upper side of said collar to support the body thereon, said body having guide slots therein extending axially thereof adjacent said locking slots in which said lugs are slidable on axial movement of the mandrel relative to the body, packing means on the body for forming a seal between the body and the casing, means forming a by-pass passage affording communication between the interior of the mandrel and the interior of the casing above said packing means, a sleeve valve slidable on the body for opening and closing said passage, and link members slidable in said guide groove and connected with said collar and said sleeve valve for operating said valve responsive to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said body.

7. A well tool comprising: a tubular body having an outlet and a by-pass port above the outlet, packing means carried by the body between said outlet and said port for forming a seal between the body and the well casing, a tubular mandrel axially movable in the body, adapted to be connected with a tubing string, a tubular member in said body providing an annular space between it and the body, said mandrel being slidable within with said tubular member, means mounting said tubular member in the body and closing the lower end of said annular space with the lower end of the tubular member in communication with said outlet, said tubular member having a port affording communication between the interior thereof and said by-pass port, a sleeve valve slidable axially on said tubular member in said annular space for controlling the port in said tubular member, and which closes said annular space above the port in said tubular member, anchoring means on the body, actuating means for setting said anchoring means responsive to downward movement of the mandrel relative to the body, and means connecting said sleeve valve with said mandrel for moving said valve into and out of position closing the port in said tubular member responsive to the lowering and raising of the mandrel relative to said body while said anchoring means is operative to anchor the body to said casing.

8. A well tool comprising: a body, packing means on the body for sealing against a casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, a tubular mandrel movable on the body and adapted to be connected to a tubin string, means affording communication between said mandrel. and the interior of the casing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander operable between said mandrel and said slips, said mandrel being movable. axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on said mandrel engageable with said expander for moving the expander to set the slips responsive to a downward movement of said mandrel relative to said expander, said last named means being disengageable from said expander upon upward movement of said mandrel after the setting of said slips, and a valve member connected with said mandrel, said mandrel being movable upwardly and downwardly relative to said expander after said setting of said slips, said valve member moving to open and close said port when said mandrel is moved upwardly and downwardly relative to said expander after said setting of said slips.

9. A well tool comprising: a body, packing means on the body for sealing against a casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, a tubular mandrel movable on the body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, means affording communication between said mandrel and the interior of the casing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander operable between said mandrel and said slips, said mandrel being movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on said mandrel engageable with said expander for moving said expander into position to set said slips on downward movement of said mandrel, said last named means being disengageablefrom said expander upon upward movement of said mandrel after the setting of said slips, a valve member operatively connected with said mandrel for opening and closing said port responsive respectively to upward and downward movement of said mandrel relative to said expander while said expander is in said slip setting position, and means on said mandrel for moving said expander to release the slips upon a greater upward movement of said mandrel than required to move said valve to open said port.

10. A well tool comprising: a tubular body, a packer for forming a seal between said body and a well casing, a tubular mandrel axially movable in said body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, passage means affording communication between said mandrel and the interior of the casing below said packer, locking means releasably connecting said body to said mandrel and operable responsive to rotative movement of the mandrel to release the mandrel for axial movement relative to the body, means on the body for frictionally contacting the casing to restrain the body against movement relative to the casing, slips on said body for anchoring said body to the casing, a slip expander operable between said mandrel and said slips, said mandrel being movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on the mandrel engageable with said expander for moving the expander downwardly to set the slips responsive to downward movement of the mandrel relative to the. body; said last named means being disengageable.

irom said expander upon upward movement. of said mandrel after said slips are set, said bodyhaving a port above said packer for communicab- 1ng said passage means with the interior of the casing outside said body; a sleeve valve slidably mounted within said body for opening and closing said port; and means connecting said mandrel with said sleeve valve for moving the sleeve valve to close and open said port responsive to lowering and raisin of the mandrel relative to said expander while said expander engaging means is disengaged.

11. A well tool comprising: a body, packing means on the body for sealing against a casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, a tubular mandrel movable on the body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, mean affording communication between said mandrel and the interior of the casing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander on said mandrel, said mandrel being movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on said mandrel engageable with said expander for mov-' ing said expander into position to set said slips on downward movement of said mandrel, said last named means being disengageable from said expander upon upward movement of said mandrel after said slips are set, a valve member operatively connected with said mandrel for opening and closing said port responsive to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said expander while said expander is in said slip setting position, a second packing means carried by the tool above said slips for sealing against the casing to maintain in the casing above the tool a column of liquid between the well casing and the tubing string, means forming a, passage between said second packing mean and said mandrel for conducting liquid from said column to the interior of the casing outside said tool below said second packing. means, and valve means: operable responsive to movement of said mandrel for controlling said last named passage.

12. A well tool comprising: a body, packing means on the body for sealing against a casing to. prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, a tubular mandrel engageable with said expander movabl on the body and" adapted to be connected to a tubing string, means affording communication between said mandrel and the interior of the casing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips onv said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander on said mandrel said mandrelbeing movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on said mandrel for moving said expander into position to set said slips on downward movement of said mandrel, said last named means being disengageable from said expander upon upward movement of said mandrel after said slips are set, a valve member operatively connected with said mandrel for opening and closing said port responsive to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said expander while said expander is in said slip setting'position, a second packing means mounted. on the body abovesaid' slips. for maintainin thereabove in the space between the well casing and the tubing string a column of liquid, said second packing means yielding to permit flow of fluid upwardly between th casing and the tubing string when the pressure beneath said second packing means is greater than the pressure above it, and means forming a by-pass between said second packing means and aid mandrel for conducting fluid between said column and the casing below said second packing means outside said body, a valve means operatively connected with the mandrel for by-passing liquid from said column into the space in the casing beneath said second packing means.

13. A well tool comprising: a body, packing means on the body for sealing against a casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, a tubular mandrel movable 'on the body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, means affording communication between said mandrel and the interior of the casing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander operable between said mandrel and said slips, said mandrel being movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on said mandrel engageabl with said expander for moving said expander into position to set said slips on downward movement of said mandrel, said last named means being disengageable from said expander upon upward movement of said mandrel after said slips are set, a valve member operatively connected with said mandrel for opening and closing said port responsiv to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said expander while said expander is in said slip setting position, a second packing means mounted on said body above said Slips for maintaining thereabove in the space between the casing and the tubing string a column of liquid, and by-pass means operable responsive to relative movement between said body and said mandrel for by-passing fluid from said column around said second packing means into the interior of the casing outside said body.

14. A well tool comprising: a body, packing a means on the body for sealing against a casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, a tubular mandrel movable on the body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, means afiording communication between said mandrel and the interior of the easing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a tubular slip expander on said mandrel, said mandrel being movable axially in either direction through said expander, means on said mandrel engageable with said expander for moving said expander into position to set said slips on downward movement of said mandrel, said last named means being disengageable from said expander upon upward movement of said mandrel after said slips are set, a valve member operatively connected with said mandrel for opening and closing said port responsive to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said expander while said expander is in said slip setting position, packing means on the tool above 16 said slips for transmitting to the expander for increasing the anchoring action of said slip, a downward force derived from the weight of a column of liquid contained in the casing above said second named packing means, means forming a passage between said second named packing means and said mandrel for by-passing fluid from said column into the interior of the casing below said second named packing means outside said body, and a valve member on said mandrel fOr opening and closing said last named passage.

5. A well tool comprising: a body, packing means on the body for sealing against a casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, a tubular mandrel movable on the body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, means affording communication between said mandrel and the interior of the casing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander on said mandrel, said mandrel being movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on said mandrel engageable with said expander for moving said expander into position to set said slips on downward movement of said mandrel, said last named means being disengageable from said expander upon upward movement of said mandrel after the slips are set, a valve member operatively connected with said mandrel for opening and closing said port responsive to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said expander while said expander is in said slip setting position, sealing means mounted on said expander engageable with the casing for maintaining in the casing outside the tubing string and above the sealing means a column of liquid whereby the weight of the column will apply a downward force on the expander to increase the anchoring action of the slips, means forming a by-pass for by-passing liquid from said column into the interior of the casing outside the body beneath the sealing means, and a valve member on said mandrel movable therewith into and out of a position closing said by-pass.

16. A well tool comprising: a tubular body, a packer for forming a seal between said body and a well casing, a tubular mandrel axially movable in said body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, said mandrel and body providing a passage for communication with the tubing string, locking means releasably connecting said body to said mandrel and operable responsive to rotative movement of the mandrel to release the mandrel for axial movement relative to the body, means on the body for frictionally contacting the casing to permit relative movement between the mandrel and the body, slips mounted on the body for anchoring said body to the casing, a slip expander mounted on the mandrel for axial movement relative thereto, said mandrel being i movable axially in either direction relative 'to said expander, cooperative portions on the mandrel and expander arranged to contact one another and move the expander downwardly to set the slips responsive to downward movement of the mandrel relative to the body; said body having a port above said packer for conducting fluid between said passage and the interior oi the casing outside said body, a sleeve valve slidably mounted within said body for opening and closing said port, means connecting 581161111311,

drel with said sleeve valve for moving the sleeve valve to close and open said port responsive to lowering and raising of the mandrel relative to said expander, a second packer mounted on the body above said slips for sealing against the casing to maintain in the casing outside the tubing string and above the body a column of liquid, means forming a by-pass between said second packer and said mandrel for passing liquid from said column into the interior of the casing beneath the second packing means outside the tool, and a valve member on said mandrel for opening and closing said by-pass.

17. A well tool comprising: a tubular body, a packer for forming a seal between said body and a well casing, a tubular mandrel axially movable in said body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, said mandrel and body providing a passage for communication with the tubing string, locking means reic-asably connecting said body to said mandrel and operable responsive to rotative movement of the mandrel to release the mandrel for axial movement relative to the body, means on the body for frictionally contacting the casing to permit the mandrel to move relative to the body, slips mounted on the body for anchoring said body to the casing, a slip expander mounted for axial movement relative to the mandrel, said mandrel being movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on the mandrel and expander for moving the expander downwardly to set the slips responsive to downward movement of the mandrel rela-' the casing to maintain in the casing outside the I tubing string and above the body a column of liquid, means forming a by-pass between said second packer and said mandrel for passing liquid between said column and the interior of the casing beneath the second packer outside the body, and a valve movable to open and'close said by-pass responsiv to movement of the mandrel relative to said expander.

18. A well tool comprising: a body, packing means on the body for sealing against a casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, a tubular mandrel movable on the body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, means affording communication between said mandrel and th interior of the casing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander on said mandrel, said mandrel being movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on said mandrel for moving said expander into position to set said slips on downward movement of said mandrel, said last named means being disengageable from said expander upon upward movement of said mandrel after the slip ar set, a valve member operatively connected with said mandrel for opening and closing said port respon- 18 sive to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said expander while said expander is in said slip setting position, a second packing means mounted on the body above said slips for sealing against the casing to maintain a column of liquid in the casing outside the tubing string and above the body, means providing a by-pass passage between the second packing means and said mandrel for conducting liquid between said column and the interior of the casing below said second packing means outside the body and above the first mentioned packing means, and valve member on said mandrel for opening and closing said by-pass passage responsive to relative movement between said mandrel and said expander, operable to open said by-pass passage while said first named valve member closes said port.

19. A well tool comprising: a body, packing means on the body for sealing against a casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and th casing, a tubular mandrel movable on the body and adapted to be connected to a tub ing string, means affording communication between said mandrel and the interior of the casing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander on said mandrel, said mandrel being movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on said mandrel engageable with said expander for moving said expander into position to set said slips on downward movement of said mandrel, a valve member operatively connected with said mandrel for opening and closing said port responsive to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said expander while said expander is in said slip setting position, a second packing means mounted on said expander for sealing against the casing to maintain a column of liquid in the casing outside the tubing string and above the body, means providin a by-pass passage between said second packing means and said mandrel for conducting fluid between said column and the interior of the casing below the second packing means outside the body and above the first mentioned packing means, and a valve member on said mandrel operable for opening and closing said by-pass passage while said firstnamed valve member remains in position closing said port.

20. A well tool comprising: a body, packing means on the body for sealing against a casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, a tubular mandrel movable on: the body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, means affording communication between said mandrel and the interior of the casing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior:

of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander on said mandrel, said mandrel being movable axially in either direc-' tion relative to said expander, means on said mandrel engageable with said expander for mov-' ing said expander into position to set said slips on downward movement of said mandrel, said last named means being disengageable from said ex ander upon upward movement of said mandrel after said slips are set, a valve member operatively connected with said mandrel for opening and closing said port responsive to axial movement of'said mandrel relative to said expander while said expander is in said slip setting position, a second packing means engageable with the casing to form a seal above said slips for maintaining a column of liquid between the casing and the tubing string above said body, means forming a bypass passage between said second packing means and said mandrel for conducting fluid from said column into the interior of the casing between the flrstmentioned packing means and the second packing means outside said body, and a valve on the mandrel operable responsive to upward and downward movement of said mandrel to open and close said last named passage while said first named valve member remains in position closing said port.

21. A well tool comprising: a body, packing means on the body for sealing against a casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, a tubular mandrel movable on the body and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, means affording communication between said mandrel and the interior of the casing below said packing means, passage means for conducting fluid between said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means including a port in said body, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander on said mandrel, said mandrel being movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, means on said mandrel engageable with said expander for moving said expander into position to set said slips on downward movement of said mandrel, said last named means being disengageable from said expander upon upward movement of said mandrel after the slips are set, a valve member operatively connected with said mandrel for opening and closing said port responsive to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said expander while said expander is in said slip setting position, a second packing means mounted on the body above said slips for sealing with the casing to maintain a column of liquid in the casing outside the tubing string and above the tool, means providing a bypass passage between said second packing means and said mandrel for conducting fluid from said column into the interior of the casing beneath said second packing means outside the body, including a tubular member fixed to said expander and extending above said second packing means between said body and said mandrel in circumferentially spaced relation to said mandrel, means forming a seal between said tubular member and said body, and a valve member mounted on said mandrel and movable therewith for opening and closing said by-pass passage.

22. In a well tool, a mandrel having a bore therethrough and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, a tubular body mounted on said mandrel for limited axial movement relative thereto, a tubular member within said body telescoping said mandrel and forming a passage in communication with said bore, means forming a seal between said member and a point on the mandrel above the lower end of the mandrel, there being an annular space between said tubular member and the portion of mandrel extending below said seal forming means, means providing an opening for ingress and egress of fluid relative to said passage, packing means on said body engageable with a casing for forming a seal between the casing and said body above said opening.

means providing a by-pass passage for permitting the flow of fluid between the interior of the casing outside said body above said packing means and said first named passage including ports in said body and tubular member respectively, a sleeve valve member slidable between said body and said tubular member for opening and closing said bypass passage, means connecting said valve member with said mandrel for movement to open and close said by-pass passage responsive to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said body, and anchoring means on said body above said packing means operable for anchoring said body to the well casing responsive to downward movement of said mandrel relative to said body.

23. In a well tool, a mandrel having a bore therethrough and adapted to be connected to a tubing string, a tubular member with which the lower end of said mandrel is slidably connected and which provides a passage in communication with the bore of the mandrel, means forming between the tubular member and the mandrel at a point above the lower end of the mandrel a fluid tight seal slidably accommodating the mandrel, there being an annular space between said tubular member and the portion of the mandrel below said seal forming means, means providing an opening for the lower end of said passage for ingress and egress of fluid, a tubular body member within which said tubular member is fixed, packing means on the body member for engaging a casing to form a seal in the casing above said opening to prevent fluid from passing upwardly between the body and the casing, said body and said tubular member having ports above said packing means for conducting fluid between said passage and the interior of the casing outside said body, a sleeve valve slidable between said tubular member and said body for opening and closing said ports, means for releasably anchoring the body member to the well casing responsive to a downward sliding movement of said mandrel relative to said tubular member, and means operable responsive to movement of said mandrel relative to said tubular member for moving said sleeve valve to open and close said ports while said anchoring means is operative to anchor the body member to the casing.

24. In a well tool, a body member, a mandrel member supporting said body member in slidable relation thereto adapted to be connected to a tubing string, and having a passage therethrough, anchoring means for holding the body member in the well casing including slips on one of said members and a slip expander between said slips for sliding movement relative to said members, elements on the mandrel member and expander respectively operable to contact one another and move the expander downwardly to set the slips on downward movement of the mandrel member relative to the body member; means adjacent the upper end of the body for forming a seal with the casing for retaining a column of liquid in the casing above the tool and outside the tubing string, means forming a by-pass passage between said seal forming means and said mandrel member for conducting liquid from said column into the interior of the casing beneath said seal forming means and outside the body member a packer on said body below said seal forming means, for preventing upward flow of fluid between the body and the casing, said body having a port affording communication between the interior of the casing above said packer and said first mentioned passage, a sleeve valve connected with said mandrel and operable to open and close said port responsive to predetermined axial movement of said mandrel relative to said expander, and a valve on said mandrel member for opening and closing said by-pass passage responsive to an axial movement of said mandrel member rela tive to said expander less than the axial movement of said mandrel required to move said sleeve valve for opening and closing said port.

25. In a well tool, a mandrel member adapted to be connected with a tubing string for positioning in a well, a body member, means releasably connecting said mandrel member and body member together for positioning in the casing of a Well, providing for relative axial movement between the body member and mandrel member when released, means embodied in the mandrel member and body member providing a passage for cooperation with the tubing string in conducting fiuid into and out of the well, means providing a by-pass passage afiording communication between said passage and the interior of the casing outside the body member, a valve movable into and out of position closing said by-pass passage responsive to relative axial movement between said body member and said mandrel member, sealing means on one of said members at the upper end of the tool engageable with the casing to maintain a liquid column above the body member within the casing and outside the tubing string, means forming a by-pass around said sealing means, and a valve operable to open and close the last named by-pass responsive to axial movement of said mandrel member while the first namedvalve remains in position closing the first named by-pass passage.

26. In a well tool, a tubular mandrel adapted to be connected with a tubing string for positioning in a cased well, a body, means releasably connecting said mandrel and body together for positioning in the well and providing for relative axial movement of the body and mandrel when released, means embodied in the mandrel and body providing a passage for cooperation with the tubing string in conducting fluid into and out of the well, means providing a by-pass passage afiording communication between said passage and the interior of the casing outside the body, packing means forming a seal between the casing and said body below said by-pass passage, slips on said body for anchoring said body to said casing, a slip expander movable axially between said slips and said mandrel, said mandrel when released from said body being movable axially in either direction relative to said expander, a pair of members axially spaced on said mandrel engageable with opposite ends of said expander to limit relative movement between said mandrel and said expander and move the expander for setting and releasing the slips, a sleeve valve on said body, and means connecting said sleeve valve with said mandrel operable to move said sleeve valve to open and close said by-pass passage responsive to axial movement of said mandrel relative to said expander.

27. A well tool comprising: a tubular body having an outlet and a by-pass port above the outlet, packing means mounted on said body be tween said outlet and said by-pass port for forming a seal between the well casing and the body, a tubular mandrel mounted for limited axial movement in said tubular body and adapted to be connected with a tubing string, a collar surrounding and having a screw threaded connection with said mandrel such that rotation of the 22 mandrel in one direction releases the mandrel for withdrawal from the body, cooperative looking elements on said collar and said body for locking the body and mandrel together for positioning movement in the well, being releasable responsive to rotation of the mandrel in the direction opposite said one direction, a stop portion on said body adapted to contact the upper side of said collar to prevent downward movement of the body relative to the mandrel and to limit upward sliding movement of the mandrel relative to the body when said locking elements are released, anchoring means operable to an chor the body to the casing including slips on the body, a slip expander through which said mandrel is slidable to move the collar into and out of contact with the lower end of the slip expander, and means on the mandrel for moving said expander downwardly for setting said slips responsive to downward movement of the mandrel, means on the body for frictionally contacting the casing to permit relative movement between the body and said mandrel, means forming a passage in the body, with which said mandrel is slidably connected and by which the mandrel is communicated with said outlet, said passage forming means having a port therein affording communication of the interior of the mandrel with said by-pass port, a sleeve valve slidable in said body for opening and closing the last named port, and means connecting said valve with said collar on the mandrel for moving said valve into and out of position closing said port responsive to axial movement of the mandrel relative to the body.

28. In a well tool, a body member, packing means on the body member engageable with the well casing to prevent upward flow of fluid between the body member and said casing, a tubular mandrel member slidable on said body member and adapted to be connected with the tubing string for cooperation therewith in conducting fluid into and out of the well; means providing a by-pass passage affording communication between the interior of said mandrel and the interior of said casing outside said body above said packing means, a second packing means on one of said members engageable with the casing to maintain a column of liquid above the body between the casing and said tubing string; means forming a second by-pass passage extending from the interior of the casing above said second packing means to the interior of the casing between said first mentioned and second packing means outside said body, valve means connected with said mandrel operable responsive to a predetermined sliding movement of said mandrel for opening and closing said first mentioned by-pass passage, and a second valve means on said mandrel for opening and closing said second by-pass passage responsive to sliding movement of said mandrel less than said predetermined sliding movement.

MARCUS W. HAINES.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Page Sept. 18, 1951 

